Records

This progress report outlines the implementation and achievements of Spain's National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (ENIA) as of May 2023. It details public investments, scientific research initiatives, infrastructure developments, business integration programs, and regulatory frameworks aimed at positioning Spain as an ethical and human-centric AI leader in Europe.

This bill of law proposes to promote the use of artificial intelligence within Peru's land transportation system to improve efficiency and safety. It outlines provisions for logistics optimization, predictive vehicle maintenance, route planning, worker training programs, and periodic evaluations by responsible institutions. The Ministry of Transport and Communications is tasked with diffusing the law and implementing intelligent technologies.

This research paper evaluates different approaches to trust calibration in human-robot interaction through an empirical study where participants teamed up with a social robot. The experiment utilized five strategies including proficiency, situation awareness, transparency, trust violation, and trust repair during a collaborative game. Results confirmed that subjective levels of trust can be effectively manipulated, violated, and repaired over the course of an interaction.

This academic position paper critically examines the concept of trust and trustworthiness regarding social robots used in healthcare and caregiving contexts. The authors utilize a phenomenological-anthropological approach to analyze human responsivity and argue that viewing trust merely as a design feature or transaction is insufficient. They conclude that because robots lack true ethical responsibility and moral agency, designing them to be excessively trust-inciting risks deceptive manipulation of vulnerable populations.

This academic article argues that current governance for AI and robotics focuses too heavily on ethical design principles rather than ethical deployment, particularly in medical settings. The authors propose a practical decision-making model called Participatory Deliberative Conservatism (PDC) to guide medical institutions in purchasing and deploying ready-made advanced technologies. The model integrates local stakeholder participation, structured deliberation of underlying values, and adherence to established medical and legal standards.

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) issued an AI Accountability Policy Request for Comment to gather public feedback on policies supporting AI audits, assessments, and certifications. The initiative aims to explore mechanisms that create earned trust in AI systems much like financial audits do for corporate financial statements. The request seeks input on necessary data access for audits, incentivizing credible assurance, and sector-specific approaches.

This article outlines the current utilization of robotic telesurgery and discusses barriers to its adoption while performing a systematic review of relevant ethical considerations. It demonstrates how telesurgery can be developed to provide safe, equitable, and high-quality surgical care during the robotic surgery renaissance. The paper highlights the evolution of telesurgery between innovative and mainstream clinical practice.

Law No. (9) of 2023 regulates the operation of autonomous vehicles in the Emirate of Dubai, including special development zones and free zones. It sets out the responsibilities of the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) in licensing, inspecting, and establishing standards for autonomous vehicles and their operators. The law also defines the legal obligations, maintenance rules, civil and criminal liabilities, and administrative penalties for operators, agents, and passengers.

This document examines international approaches to artificial intelligence regulation and discusses the challenges and implications for Brazil. It provides an overview of legislative and policy developments in various jurisdictions to inform domestic discussions on AI governance. The study analyzes comparative models to help guide policymakers and researchers interested in shaping Brazil's regulatory framework.

This study analyzes the importance and challenges of animatronic humanoid prototypes production within the robotic field in the United States to influence artificial intelligence policy. Using a narrative literature review of twenty-two research articles, the paper examines key achievements such as biped locomotion, robot learning capabilities, and neuro-inspired control features. It identifies technical challenges including complex environments, perception, and human-robot interaction, ultimately recommending increased public and private investment in robotic production to improve business operations and efficiency.

The NIST AI RMF Playbook is a companion guide to the AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) designed to help organizations incorporate trustworthiness into the design, development, deployment, and use of AI systems. Developed in collaboration with the private and public sectors, it provides suggested actions, references, and related guidance to achieve outcomes across the four core functions: Govern, Map, Measure, and Manage. The playbook is intended for voluntary use and allows organizations to adapt suggestions to their specific industry use cases.

This white paper sets out the UK government's pro-innovation and context-specific regulatory framework for artificial intelligence. Rather than introducing heavy-handed cross-cutting legislation or establishing a new AI regulator, the approach empowers existing regulators to apply five core principles: safety, security and robustness; transparency and explainability; fairness; accountability and governance; and contestability and redress. The framework also proposes central support functions—such as monitoring, horizon scanning, and an AI regulatory sandbox—to ensure regulatory coherence, support innovation, and build public trust.

This white paper outlines the United Kingdom government's pro-innovation approach to regulating artificial intelligence. It proposes an agile, context-specific framework underpinned by five cross-sectoral principles to be implemented by existing regulators. Additionally, it details plans for central coordination functions, regulatory sandboxes, and the use of trustworthy AI tools to support responsible innovation while mitigating risks.

This primer introduces the main concepts and principles presented in the Council of Europe's Ad Hoc Committee on Artificial Intelligence (CAHAI) Feasibility Study for a general, non-technical audience. It provides background information on AI innovation, human rights law, technology policy, and compliance mechanisms to facilitate broad stakeholder consultation. The document maps out how CAHAI's nine proposed principles and priorities connect to specific human rights and obligations across the AI lifecycle.

This document sets out the Department for Education’s position on the use of generative artificial intelligence and large language models in the education sector. It provides guidance aimed at schools and colleges with a focus on compulsory education, covering considerations such as data privacy, product safety, and intellectual property. The guidance is regularly updated to reflect new research and inspection findings.

This independent review led by Sir Patrick Vallance outlines recommendations for reforming the UK's regulatory approach to digital technologies to foster innovation and economic growth. It proposes establishing a multi-regulator AI sandbox, clarifying intellectual property rules for generative AI, improving industry access to public data, and easing regulatory barriers in transport, drones, space, and cybersecurity.

This systematic literature review maps existing research on social robots and children's fundamental rights against UNICEF's AI policy guidance for children. Analyzing 37 peer-reviewed papers using the PRISMA method, the authors reveal that while certain rights such as inclusion receive significant research attention (particularly for autistic children), others like accountability are severely under-researched. The study also identifies a terminology misalignment between AI/human-robot interaction research and UNICEF policy guidance, highlighting the need to bridge the gap between technical research, societal needs, and child rights protection.

This research article reviews the current state of robotic financial advisors (robo-advisors) as an alternative to traditional investment services and examines how regulatory agencies interact with them. It explores the definitions, technical foundations in modern portfolio theory, advantages such as lower costs and tax-loss harvesting, and challenges including regulatory compliance, fiduciary duties, and client disengagement. The authors conclude that robo-advisors provide substantial benefits in accessibility and efficiency, though regulatory gaps remain regarding personalization and due diligence.

This academic chapter explores the ethical and philosophical implications of integrating artificial intelligence and robotics into the delivery or orchestration of medical assistance in dying, such as physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. It examines whether robotic systems could play a role in assisted dying, whether their use could make the process more ethical, and what broader insights this prospect offers for medical ethics and de-medicalization. Published in 2023 as part of an edited collection, the text serves as a scholarly inquiry rather than a binding legal or regulatory instrument.

This academic conference paper proposes an "ethical by design" approach for intelligent autonomous robots by drawing lessons from autonomous car ethics. The authors outline a set of values and ethical principles, such as safety, transparency, accountability, and human control, and argue that these principles must be applied context-sensitively across different application domains. Furthermore, the paper advocates for the continuous development of ethical guidelines through interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder assessment.

This academic book chapter examines the phenomenon of robotic animism, defined as the human tendency to attribute minds and personalities to AI-powered robots. It explores examples of mind-reading and human-robot interaction, evaluates ethical and prudential arguments surrounding these attributions, and discusses whether any contemporary robots possess a non-trivial form of mind. The chapter serves as a philosophical inquiry into the social, psychological, and ethical implications of anthropomorphizing artificial intelligence.

This academic book chapter examines the ethical issues involved in the design of unmanned systems for military applications. It organizes these challenges under two main headings: building safe systems and designing for compliance with the law of armed conflict. The text analyzes the implications of these issues and discusses potential ways they might be addressed by designers.

This academic chapter explores the ethical challenges arising from the use of AI and robotics in public health within East Asia. It highlights how the region's deeply held philosophical and religious values—specifically Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism—shape unique perspectives on technology. The chapter aims to incorporate these divergent viewpoints into the design of ethical policies for health technologies globally.

ISO/IEC 23894:2023 provides guidance on how organizations that develop, produce, deploy, or use products, systems, and services utilizing artificial intelligence can manage AI-related risk. The standard assists organizations in integrating risk management into their AI-related activities and functions while describing processes for effective implementation and integration. The guidance can be customized to any organization and its operational context.

This paper presents the Qui-Bot H2O project, which develops four educational sustainable robots and associated software to teach chemistry, robotics, and computational thinking to students aged 3 to 18. The study evaluates human-robot interaction, ethical considerations in the classroom, and strategies to increase the representation of girls in STEM fields. Results from student and teacher testing demonstrate high satisfaction and engagement with the educational robots.

This research article explores the growing gap between the fast pace of technological and social change in robotics and the slower policy cycle. It examines the background, key findings, and lessons learned from the LIAISON project, which aims to ideate an alignment model for robots' legal appraisal. By proposing a hybrid top-down/bottom-up perspective, the study investigates how compliance tools can serve as data generators to optimize regulatory frameworks for existing and emerging robotic technologies.

This risk analysis report by the European Securities and Markets Authority provides an overview of artificial intelligence use cases across EU securities markets. It assesses the degree of AI adoption in asset management, trading, and other market areas such as credit rating agencies and proxy advisory firms. The report also highlights potential risks associated with AI uptake, including explainability issues, concentration, systemic risk, and algorithmic bias.

This academic study examines the regulatory frameworks for artificial intelligence and robotics in smart cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyzes how different policy approaches and technological applications—such as contact tracing apps, public monitoring systems, and healthcare robotics—affect privacy, data protection, and organizational resilience. Drawing on global case studies, the article advocates for a balanced, knowledge-based regulatory model that safeguards fundamental rights while enhancing emergency response capabilities.

This academic proposal explores how autonomous robots and AI systems can be endowed with human-like ethical competence through the use of ethical algorithms. It models the general logical form of meta-ethical arguments based on the 'moral stance' and common goods, suggesting a pattern for programming machine ethics. The paper also discusses how model checking and rational verification can support ethical decision-making in human-robot interactions.

This review paper examines how to provide intelligent autonomous machines and cognitive robots with ethical reasoning capabilities. It evaluates previous research approaches such as case-based reasoning, neural networks, constraint satisfaction, category theory, and logic programming. The author argues that developing metric-based ethics and moral machine architectures may be necessary to ensure autonomous systems are trustworthy.

NIST's voluntary framework for managing risks of AI systems across their lifecycle. Defines seven characteristics of trustworthy AI (valid and reliable, safe, secure, accountable and transparent, explainable, privacy-enhanced, fair) and four core functions - GOVERN, MAP, MEASURE, MANAGE - with suggested actions in a companion Playbook. Explicitly voluntary, rights-preserving, non-sector-specific, and use-case agnostic.

This review article examines the ethical, legal, and practical challenges of unmanned autonomous weapons and AI-based systems in modern warfare. It discusses the 2014-2015 open letter calling for a global ban on autonomous weapons and evaluates the difficulties of achieving and enforcing such an international prohibition. Furthermore, the author highlights the risks of an AI arms race and compares the potential dangers of robotized warfare to historical nuclear and conventional weapon developments.

This editorial explores the moral and legal status of artificial intelligence and surgical robots in the operating room. It reviews current applications of AI and robotics in orthopaedic surgery, such as unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty, hip arthroplasty, and spine surgery. Finally, it discusses the challenges of liability, data ownership, and the need for ethical regulation as machines evolve from simple executors to autonomous collaborating agents.

This research article argues for granting negative rights, such as freedom from violence and discrimination, to humanoid robots. Taking a human-centred approach rather than relying on robot consciousness, the paper posits that protecting humanoid robots from immoral treatment is necessary to preserve human moral fibre and prevent societal moral degradation. Ultimately, the text advocates for a nuanced approach to robot moral status and rights.

This EU-OSHA case study examines the practical implementation of advanced dual-armed collaborative robotics at a Swedish plastics manufacturer to automate laboratory sample preparation for roadside drug testing. The technology automates repetitive precision tasks, reducing musculoskeletal strain on workers' wrists and arms while improving test consistency and lowering contamination risks. The report forms part of research investigating automation and occupational safety and health (OSH) dimensions in the workplace.

The AI Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) is a tool created by UNESCO to help countries assess their preparedness to develop and deploy artificial intelligence ethically and responsibly. It provides a structured process for evaluating national AI ecosystems across legal, social, economic, educational, scientific, and technological dimensions. By identifying governance gaps and institutional needs, the RAM translates the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI into actionable national policies and roadmaps.

The NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) is a voluntary guidance document designed to help organizations manage risks associated with artificial intelligence systems throughout their lifecycle. It establishes a flexible, non-sector-specific approach focused on improving trustworthiness characteristics such as validity, reliability, safety, security, resilience, accountability, transparency, explainability, privacy, and fairness. The framework is structured around four core functions: Govern, Map, Measure, and Manage.

The Egyptian Charter for Responsible AI serves as Egypt's national interpretation of international ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence. It establishes general principles and technical implementation guidelines focused on human-centered development, transparency, safety, fairness, and accountability. The charter applies to all members of the AI ecosystem in Egypt, including government bodies, private companies, academic institutions, and foreign companies deploying AI locally.

This chapter examines the ethical challenges and impacts of assistive robotics in elderly care, specifically focusing on the RoPHa research project and utilizing the MEESTAR model for evaluation. It maps the ethical implications of proposed robotic care applications across individual, organizational, and societal perspectives into seven moral dimensions such as autonomy, justice, privacy, and safety. The text discusses the boundaries of human-machine interaction, emphasizing that technical assistance should not fully replace interpersonal relationships or human care.

This academic paper examines the ethical issues arising from intelligent robot technology, focusing on its impact on human subjectivity, creativity, and privacy. It proposes targeted response strategies across technical, institutional, and moral dimensions to mitigate these risks and guide development. The paper highlights concerns such as over-reliance on automation, safety hazards, and surveillance risks from police drones.

This document provides global guidance on the ethics and governance of large multi-modal models (LMMs) in the health sector. It outlines key ethical principles, potential risks and challenges, and recommendations for various stakeholders across the health ecosystem. The guidance aims to assist governments, developers, and health institutions in maximizing the benefits of LMMs while mitigating risks to public health and human rights.

This academic book chapter provides a philosophical and ethical analysis of the role, design, and functioning of care and assistive robots. It examines how technology can satisfy personal care needs compared to human agents and establishes a framework for evaluating the risks and benefits of implementing assistive robots in daily life.

This report highlights how European Research Council (ERC) funded researchers are using artificial intelligence in their scientific processes and how they view its potential impact by 2030. It summarises the findings of a foresight survey conducted among ERC grantees regarding their present use of AI, future developments, opportunities, and risks. The document aims to provide evidence to inform policies related to AI in science.

This UNESCO guidance provides a comprehensive framework for governments, educational institutions, teachers, and learners on the ethical, safe, and equitable use of generative artificial intelligence in education and research. It outlines the foundational technologies of generative AI, highlights key ethical controversies such as data privacy and copyright infringement, and proposes regulatory measures including age limits and risk assessments. Furthermore, it offers actionable strategies for co-designing educational applications that protect human agency and promote inclusion.

These guidelines provide actionable security recommendations for providers of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems throughout the entire system development life cycle. Co-authored by cybersecurity agencies internationally, the document covers secure design, secure development, secure deployment, and secure operation and maintenance. It emphasises a secure-by-design approach, supply chain security, and addressing adversarial machine learning vulnerabilities alongside standard cyber threats.

This academic paper presents two model predictive adaptive automation systems designed to automatically regulate a mobile robot's level or degree of automation during runtime. The framework leverages a recently introduced "robot vitals and robot health" metric to quantify performance degradation when human-robot teams face environmental adversities. Through simulation studies, the authors demonstrate that optimizing robot health via dynamic control authority allocation improves task execution compared to static manual or fully autonomous operation.

This bill of law proposes a normative framework for the regulation and use of artificial intelligence within Argentina, aiming to guarantee human rights, ethical development, and safety. It establishes foundational principles, a registry of AI creators and providers, evaluation and audit mechanisms, and a system of enforcement and sanctions overseen by an appointed body.

This public report (D2.1) outlines the legal and ethical framework for the Testing and Experimentation Facility for Health AI and Robotics (TEF-Health). Authored by researchers from the University of Namur, the 56-page document was published by the TEF-Health consortium in 2023. It addresses governance related to health AI and robotics testing and experimentation.

This research paper examines how different ethical frameworks underlying a robot's advice affect people's charitable donation behavior. In a laboratory experiment, participants received moral advice from a robot grounded in either deontological ethics or Confucian role ethics to encourage donating lottery tickets to a student charity event. The study found that advice grounded in Confucian role ethics was significantly more effective in inducing donations than deontological advice.

This academic article examines the ethical, legal, and social challenges surrounding the deployment of intelligent elderly care robots amid global and Chinese population aging. It evaluates the human-machine relationship, focusing on autonomy, data privacy, and the blurring boundaries of machine subjectivity and responsibility. Finally, it proposes policy and ethical recommendations to harmonize technological innovation with human dignity, social equity, and family care.