The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Research: A Science for Policy, European Perspective
This report provides a scientific and technical analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in scientific research, examining how techniques like machine learning and generative AI transform every stage of the research process. It features deep dives into protein structure prediction, material discovery, and computational archaeology to illustrate practical applications and highlight challenges such as algorithmic bias and data quality. Acting as the scientific evidence base for the European Strategy for AI in Science, the document offers insights to help policymakers maximize research excellence while maintaining ethical standards.
Summary and content fields are drawn from the document text and are pending editorial review.
Who issued it
Who it governs
Policymakers, researchers, and scientific stakeholders who need an evidence-based assessment of artificial intelligence's impact on science to guide strategic decisions and investments.
What the document contains
The document addresses the integration of artificial intelligence across all core steps of the scientific process, evaluates its impact via three detailed domain case studies, and outlines infrastructure, skills, ethical, and policy considerations for inverse material design, protein folding, and cultural heritage.
Binding legislative enforcement mechanisms, regulatory penalties, or mandatory compliance frameworks for private AI developers are not established in this scientific policy report.
- Artificial intelligence is fundamentally transforming every stage of the scientific research process, from hypothesis generation to result dissemination.
- Open science principles, including open data and open models, are essential for ensuring reproducibility and trustworthiness in AI-driven science.
- The integration of AI in research requires robust infrastructure, significant computing power, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
- Emerging challenges like algorithmic bias, hallucinations, and epistemic drift must be proactively addressed to maintain scientific integrity.
- A hybrid talent profile combining domain-specific expertise with artificial intelligence and data science skills is critical for future research excellence.
· 1. INTRODUCTION · 2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS · 3. DEEP DIVES · 4. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES · 5. CONCLUSIONS
How it scores
Each score is backed by a quote verified against the document text. Editorial review has not yet confirmed them.
Accountability
2/5Clear responsibility for AI outcomes
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication.
1 INTRODUCTION
screening score · 2026-10-23
Fairness
2/5Non-discrimination and equitable treatment
The report brings significant concerns to light, such as algorithmic bias, the risk of “hallucinations”
3 FOREWORD
screening score · 2026-10-23
Human Dignity
1/5Respect for the inherent worth of persons
while maintaining a firm commitment to ethical, inclusive, and European values.
2 ABSTRACT
screening score · 2026-10-23
Human Oversight
2/5Humans remain in control of consequential decisions
meaning that knowledge production is detached from human oversight and control
5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
screening score · 2026-10-23
Privacy
0/5Protection of personal data and private life
screening score · 2026-10-23
Transparency
3/5Openness about how AI systems work and are used
To foster scientific integrity and maintain public trust, we must approach AI in science with a deep commitment to robust governance and a collective vision that emphasises transparency and inclusivity in our scientific practices.
3 FOREWORD
screening score · 2026-10-23
Enforcement
0/5Consequences and compliance mechanisms with real force
screening score · 2026-10-23
Impact Assessment
3/5Required assessment of an AI system's risks/impacts before or during use
By assessing their potential and impact, the report gathers invaluable insights to guide investments in crucial areas
3 FOREWORD
screening score · 2026-10-23